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<h2>Eponimical linguistic parts of the language as the object of Russian translation.</h2> <p> It is often claimed that Russian texts are made from English texts in such a way that the proper names are not given in translation but in transliteration. Moreover, as experience shows that it is really put into practice. Still, there is a particular type of proper names that are not subject to this rule or are subject to in only in part.<br /><br />An example are expressions that in part are made of a proper name and there are also regular words. Eponyms are meant here. Though prior to defining the limits of the kind as well as various related complex issues connected with eponymous phrases functioning in Russian translations, it is vital to give a little attention to the concept of the eponym and how this term functions in the language of linguistics. All words inEnglish and Russian can be grouped into 2 big subdivisions: proper names and appellatives. The word "eponim" comes from ancient Greek, where it meant "smth. or smb. giving the name". For our ancestors eponyms were people, gods or heroes, whose legendary names were employed to give names to cities, tribes and various objects, as well as officers (e.g. archonts, consuls). During this period of time the actual meaning of "eponym" expanded, though it meant not only the personal name, but it extended itself to refer to animals or an objects.<br /><br />Currently, students of linguistics employ the term “eponym” to refer to a word that has ceased working as a proper name and now works as a simple regular noun. Hence, we work with three notions of an eponym:<br /><br />1. an entity or an object<br />2. proper name<br />3. regular word.<br /><br />Thus, the Russian translators while translating eponymisms have to deal with the problem of creating an instant hypothesis about the encyclopedic knowledge of users of the English text and the users of its Russian translation. The meaning of eponymism is created on stereotypical associations that deal with a concrete, particular eponym and having the nature of encyclopedic connotation. Variations among these implications in the English and Russian languages lead to different cases of appellativization of proper names. The primary issue connected with eponymisms is the subject of their out-of-context transparency which is a discreet feature that relies on the linguistic competence and background awareness of Russian native speakers. Here the question pops up: how should a translator handle eponyms? A number of eponyms have a common etymological background which makes translators job easy, for example “superman” or “Lolita”.<br /><br />Similar situation applies also to the eponymisms, which have lost their clarity in both languages. (e.g.: Adonis named after a attractive youth loved by both Aphrodite and Persephone and killed by a wild boar, or the game of badminton that got its name from Badminton in SW England, country seat of the Duke of Beaufort, where it was played). There is a difficulty onlyin case if an eponym is transparent in English, but means absolutely nothing to the Russian language speaker. As you may observe, not all eponyms make Russian translators think hard. Those that are non-transparent, do not lead to any problems to Russian speakers. <p style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top:5pt"> <font face="Arial" style="font-size: 10pt">Article Source: <a href="http://www.ArticlesMaker.com">ArticlesMaker.com</a></font></p> <h3>About the Author</h3> Translation company TRANSNEED: specializing in <a href="http://www.transneed.com/en_index.html" target="_blank">translation into Russian</a> (from most European languages), interpretations, language instructions, desktop publishing, travel coordination, <a href="http://www.transneed.com/on_line_free_translator_en.php" target="_blank">free translation</a>.

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